Secondary Positive Reinforcement Examples: It is important to remember that over consumption of these materials might badly affect the child’s mental health and may be addictive if used during the full process of changing behavior process. For instance, in behavioral modification process they could be used in certain and important milestones, rather than on every positive reinforcement practice. But these nutrition should be used carefully. Food like soda, chocolate, candy can be used as primary reinforcers. However depriving the child of his basic needs like water, food or sleep would have negative effects. As stated above, punishment should be the absence of positive stimuli. These reinforcers should not be used unless necessary. Stimuli like temperature, sleep, air, water, food are primary reinforcers. Vital needs are considered as primary reinforcement examples. Example of Positive Reinforcement Types: 1. In some cases, consulting to a pedagogue might be necessary. Selection of reinforcers should be carried out cautiously. Stimulus can be chosen by analyzing negative behavior of the child and determining its occurrence and antecedents. The goal here is to condition the child positively and this way determine his behavior. Positive reinforcement system is based on operant conditioning. The punishment should be depriving the child of these stimuli. Stimuli like chocolate, juice, candy can be used time to time, but they should not be used often. When the child acts towards changing problematic behavior and shows positive behavior, any stimulus can be provided to reward him. Reward-punishment system should be applied by finding a stimulus that motivates the child. Rewards Systems For Positive Reinforcement and Negative Reinforcement Although this temporarily keeps down the problematic behavior, it will badly affect child’s psychological development and prevent him from acquiring skills. Otherwise the child may have various traumas during his life time. While the teachers practice negative punishment, they should definitely not apply violence, practice anything physical or psychological that may frighten the children. Thus, the right operant conditioning methods are negative reinforcement or using positive punisher. Although this type of negative punishment application suppresses problematic behavior in the short term, it may cause the behavior to come back more severe and traumatic other than the desirable response. However, “punishment” here definitely does not indicate applications that make psychological or physical harm to the child. Reinforcement method is pretty similar to reward-punishment practice. What to Consider While Choosing Positive Reinforcers? To choose a reinforcer, first the reason of behavior should be determined. Some antecedents such as negativity in family environment, negative relations with family members, physical and cultural environment at special education school, negative or indifferent behavior of teacher, bad influence of mass media on children cause repetitive negative behavior happen. There may be many reasons involved in problematic behavior. The goal of this analysis is to collect data on problematic behavior] of children, determine their antecedents, and work on to change those problem behaviors. For this, Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA therapy) should be utilized. While analyzing problematic behaviors, antecedents of behavior, its reasons and factors that affect them should be taken into consideration. Behavior Analysis Before Choosing Positive Reinforcement Method To find the right rewards system and desirable response, behaviors, their reasons, and occurrence process should thoroughly be analyzed. But rewarding your child with materials like toys, chocolate and candy or food would be harmful in the long term. Any stimulus that positively affects the child can be positive reinforcer. However, finding the right positive reinforcer is crucial. It is important to note that developing efficient continuous positive reinforcement systems is an important practice for both special education and social learning, and efficient in gaining practice. The main purpose of positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement is to changing behavior of the child with various stimuli. In order to decrease problematic behavior and, instead, implement positive behavior in children, they need to be positive reinforcement examples to be motivated.
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